当精确的德国设计遇上不确定的中国

2017-11-23


德国的文化标准到你可以预测到每一天的生活轨迹,而在中国每一天都充满了变化,这对德国建筑师Binke Lenhardt充满了吸引力。在中国工作生活15年, Binke Lenhardt学会了说中文,还取了一个中文名:蓝冰可。此次作为“世界的生活家”贵阳站的演讲嘉宾,到达贵阳的当晚,本来身体疲惫不打算参与接待晚宴,但听说是在当地民族特色餐厅吃酸汤鱼之后,她兴致勃勃地来体验了。

In German culture one can roughly predict his or her everydaylife, while in China everything is changing every day, which fascinates Binke Lenhardt, a German architect. During her 15 years' working and living in China,Binke Lenhardt has learned to speak Chinese, and is called 蓝冰可(LanBingke)in Chinese, a name which is phonetically very close to her German name. When she arrived at Guiyang as a guest speaker for "World's  Elegant Living"Guiyang session, Binke originally decided to decline the reception dinner for being tired, but after learning that the dinner entails fish in sour soup, alocal specialty, she came to the banquet in high spirit.

但在她身上能感受到明显的德式作风,比如列出此次访问的要点,演讲时逻辑主线非常清晰,一一罗列关键点并以案例佐证。正如她谈到的德国设计的特点:系统性、精准性和留白,在她的作品中看到德国设计的严密思考精确计算,同时又以充分的想象力为空间预留成长性和可能性。她和合伙人中国建筑师董灏,在中国进行了许多国际视野本土表达的作品。在北京宝马博物馆项目里,以层层的正红色帷幕堆叠出的红门,在冷峻的德国工业设计里融入中式的诗意。

One could easily feel the German style from Binke, for example, makingoutline for the interview, clear logic in speech--with cases to support the keypoints. Just as when she talked about the features of German design: systematization,precision and white space, her works reflect the German-style meticulousthinking and careful consideration, and creatively leave space for developmentand possibilities. Together with co-founder Hao Dong, a Chinese architect, shecreated many works in China to express global vision in local language. In the Beijing BMW museum project, multiple layers of scarlet drapery form archways,which radiates poetic aura of Chinese-style displaying a German Vintage Carcollection .

 

BinkeLenhardt(蓝冰可)

纽约普瑞特艺术学院建筑学硕士,2005 年建立Crossboundaries Architects,在北京、法兰克福均设有办公室,担任北京市建筑设计研究院(BIAD)副总建筑师。与团队一同完成家盒子、索易快乐成长中心、北京大学附属中学、爱慕时尚工厂与北京宝马博物馆等项目。多次获得国际级奖项,近期奖项包括近期奖项包括2015及2017 AD 100、 2015亚洲建筑师协会建筑奖荣誉提名、2015北京优秀工程设计奖一等奖、2016建筑创作大奖银奖、2016及2017Architizer A+等。同时担任教育工作,执教于中央美术学院和清华大学。

holds a Masters degree in Architecture from PrattInstitute, New York, USA; co-founder of Crossboundaries, established in 2005;holds offices in Beijing & Frankfurt; consultant for the Beijing Instituteof Architectural Design (BIAD);completes with team the projects of Family Box, Aimer lingerie Factory, SoyooJoyful Growth Center, Affiliated High School of Beijing University, Beijing BMWM useum, etc. the office won  multipleinternational awards, recent awards including AD 100 2015 & 2017, honorablemention of The ARCASIA Award for Architecture 2015, first prize of BeijingExcellent Construction& Design Award 2015, silver prize of ArchitecturalCreation Award 2016,Architizer A+ 2016 &2017,etc; She and Hao Dong are alsoteaching at the Central Academy of Fine Arts (CAFA) and recently at TsinghuaUniversity.

 

新浪家居:你是因为什么机缘来到了中国?当时对中国的印象怎样?

Sina: Why do you come to China? What was your impression about it back then?

蓝冰可:我已经在中国15年。我跟我现在的的合伙人,也是我的丈夫董灏,在纽约上大学的时候认识,我们一起在那里学习建筑。毕业后我们思考未来要去哪里工作和生活。2001年,美国发生了911恐怖袭击事件,北京成功申办2008年的奥运会,我们发现美国和中国都在发生重大变化,很多在海外的建筑师也回到中国去发展。我们觉得对于我们青年建筑师而言,中国或许能提供更多机遇。经过慎重考虑,我申请了德意志学术交流中心研究生奖学金留学中国。

Binke: I've been staying in China for 15 years. I met my current co-founder and my husband, Hao Dong back in New York when westudied architecture together in university. After graduation, we wereconsidering our future road: where to work and where to live. Then in 2001, NewYork was struck by 911 terrorist attack, and in the same year China won the bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games. We were witnessing the drastic change both in the U.S. and in China, and many overseas Chinese architects were returning to China for further development. We thought that China might offer interestingnew opportunities for us as young architects. After considering carefully ournext steps, I applied for a graduatefellowship offered by German Academic Exchange Program (DAAD) to go to China.

2001年10月份我第一次来到北京的时候,那时天气还有些热。当时在我看来,北京非常大,缺乏特色,还有很多灰尘,我不太喜欢。当时我没想到有一天会在这里生活,先回到了德国,随后去了美国——但最终我还是在2002年夏天来到了这里。对我来说,中国是一个充满多样性的国家,有很多事物等着我去探索。开始的两三年适应中国的生活非常困难,我在德国所适应的一切,在这里都很难找到,比如说我喜欢的食物和咖啡。但随着时间流逝,我逐渐在中国安顿下来了。

When I first arrived in Beijing for a visit in October, 2001, it was hot and Beijing appeared faceless, vast and dusty, I didn’t feel very comfortable. I didn'tthink I would one day live here and first returned to Germany and the USA untilI settled in Beijing in the late summer of 2002. For me, China is a countrywith vast diversity and a lot to explore. The first couple of years in China were not easy. Familiar things like certain food or coffee was hard to find and the language barrier was immense, but nevertheless I settled after time passed.

 

新浪家居:中国有哪些特别吸引你的地方?

Sina: What features of china attract you most?

蓝冰可:首先是生活的多样化。我们现在在贵阳,我发现贵阳的食物和中国其它省份是不一样的。中国历史悠久疆域辽阔,南方和北方人他们做事的方式都很不一样,人们的生活非常丰富。第二点是,多样化本身也有很多不同的层面,比如地貌、饮食、服饰、语言等等,所以在很多小细节上能给我灵感。第三点是,中国发展的速度非常快,为建筑师带来了巨大的机遇,这些机会和变化非常激动人心,也很有趣。德国的生活比较标准化,有时候会觉得有点无趣——我们基本上可以预测接下来会发生什么事情,但是在中国,每一天都不一样。

Binke: First is the diversity of lifestyle. We're now in Guiyang and the food for example here is different from that in other provinces. China has a long history and is huge, people in the south and the north, east and west  have different ways of doing things; they have varied ways of life. Second is the diversity itself has multiple levels, such as geography, food, fashion, language, etc. the details of which often gives me inspirations. And third, the breathtaking speedof China's development offers excitingly and tantalizingly huge opportunitiesto architects. German way of life is relatively standardized, and sometimes evena bit boring--we could basically predict what happens next. But in China, everyday is different and not everything is predictable.

 

新浪家居:“标准化”、“严谨”是中国人对德国很直接的印象,在你看来,德国设计还有什么特点?

Sina: "Standardization" and"precision" are the direct impression of Germany among Chinese people. In your opinion, what are the other features of German design?

蓝冰可:德国设计有很多的特征,比如简约、严谨,但我希望能够再加一些词,比如功能性、极简主义、理性。这些特点都直接与一些价值相关。

Binke: German design has lots of features such assimplicity and precision, and I hope to add some words, for instance, functional,minimal simple and rational. These features are directly related to certainvalues.

比如,在中国“差不多”就好了,但是在德国完全没有“差不多”这种说法,十公分就是十分公分,九公分就是九公分,没有九公分和十公分差不多这样的说法。我们非常注重细节,可以说是一丝不苟,我刚开始在中国工作的时候很难接受中国这种“差不多”文化。德国的文化更多是强调标准化,这也决定了没有太多灵活改变的空间。德国的面积和中国比起来很小,所以在德国建立统一的价值观、统一的标准比中国要容易得多。比如德国出台法律法规对很多产品进行标准化的规范,在中国也有一些规定,但是没有那么多,也不会那些细致,在德国进行产品设计必须要考虑很多法律法规的要求。

For example, in China "almost" is considered done, whilein Germany there's no such thing as "almost": 250px is 250px and 9 is 9; we don't say 225px is "almost" equal to 250px. We lay heavy stress ondetail, probably to a crazy level.So I found it hard to get used to the culture of "almost" when I began to work in China. German culture emphasizes standardization more, which leaves little room for flexible changes. Germany is much smaller than China, which is probably why it's easier to builds tandardized value or criteria in Germany than in China.For example,  German issues laws on many types of product toestablish standardregulations, While similar regulations in China are not as manyor specified. German product design entails much consideration of laws orregulations.

第二点是质量。德国产品以高质量著称,但有时候从设计的角度来看,这可能是一个不利因素。或许可以说,德国相对而言重质量轻设计,质量摆在设计前面,德国的水龙头质量和做工非常好,但是不会让你觉得惊艳。而意大利往往设计比质量重要,从汽车就可以看出来。意大利的汽车外观看起来很酷炫,德国的汽车,我总是想,天啊能不能设计得酷一点。当然,需要全面去看待这件事,对于产品而言,功能和质量或许更重要一点,然后才考虑怎么好看。

The Second isquality. German product is famous for its high quality standards, which sometimes maybe turns into a negative factor from the design point of view.Relatively speaking, maybe we could say that Germans care more about quality and less about design–although this of course genereally speaking. A Germanwater tap could be of high quality and well-made, but it might not strike you as amazing. But an Italian ,product might put the design aspect before the quality, this is also generally speaking. Take the car for example: Italian cars look splendid, while German cars...I always wonder, God, can't they be abit cooler? But surely we should take a balanced view on this, and for products,function and quality should comes slightly first, then the appearance.

 

新浪家居:路易斯·沙里文说“形式追随功能”,这应该也是德国设计非常强调的准则,而 “Less is More”这句德国包豪斯主义的宣言则在概念上略有不同,在Crossboundaries你们如何理解或关联这种概念?

Sina:  Louis Sullivan once said: "Form followsfunction",  which is a highlyappreciated approach in German design, while "Less is More" from German Bauhaus is aslightly different concept, how do you at Crossboundaries understand or relate to this concept?

蓝冰可:在Crossboundaries,我们的工作以人为本。我们最终创造的空间或建筑是提供人们使用的,也是积极与人互动的。因此,这些空间必须重视使用者。“Less is More”这一概念可以有多种解释,从人本角度看,它意味着你要给使用者留出空间,让其成为空间的主人,或者是说,你要为发展和成长留出空间,做法就是不要过度设计,使空间功能单一,而是要孕育潜能,能够适应变化,重新定义空间功能。

Binke:We at Crossboundaries put people in the center of our work. At the end wecreatespaces and buildings for people to use them and to also actively engage with them. These spaces therefore have to address the users. The concept of less is more can be interpreted in different ways, in the context of people it can meant hat you leave space for the in habitant to be able to take ownership of the space, or you leave space for development and growth by not over-designing it to a single function, but rather with the potential to allow for change and interpretation.

在这一前提下,我还想引用丘吉尔的话:“我们塑造了建筑,而建筑反过来也影响了我们”,如果一栋建筑设计具有一定品质,它就会给人留出发展空间,让人合理利用环境——最终它就会对使用者产生影响。这最终又把“人”至于核心地位。

In this context I also want tomention a quotation by Winston Churchill: "We shapeour buildings, andafterwards, our buildings shape us." If a building isdesigned withcertain qualities, it will allow for a human to develop and take a dvantage of agood environment--eventually it will have influence on the inhabitant. This atthe end puts the human in the center.

 

新浪家居:Crossboundaries代表着跨界,这也是你们的价值观和工作方式?

Sina: Crossboundaries means crossing the boundaries, is it also your value and working method?

蓝冰可:Crossboundaries成立于2005年,当时取这个名字,一方面因为我是德国人,董灏是中国人,我们希望用它来表明我们是两个国家、两种文化间的桥梁,我们能够跨越不同的国界和文化。我们团队里一半是中国人一半来自世界各国,我们是一个国际化的平台,不同国家的建筑师在这里互相学习交流。比如我们团队里有中国人也有英国人,他们之间沟通交流得出的解决方案,不是纯中国的也不是纯英国的,而是为中国这个大背景下的项目得出的综合解决方案。我们有全球化思维,展示基于对各地文化透彻了解提出的全球性战略。

Binke: Crossboundaries was established in 2005. the name was chosen partly because Hao Dong is Chinese and I'm German, so we hoped to use it to express that we are bridge that crossingbetween two countries and two cultures. Half of our team is Chinese, and the other come from around the world. We are an international platform where architects from different nations learn from and communicate with each other. For example, we have both Chinese and British in one team. The solution coming from their communication is not purely Chinese or British, but aproject-specific comprehensive one in the larger context of China. We enjoys aglobal vision and strategy based on thorough understanding of various local cultures.

我们团队的多样化还体现在我们的客户很多样,他们来自不同专业和领域。不仅仅专注于建筑设计,我们也关注室内设计、产品设计,还有视觉艺术、品牌建设、展览策划等等,甚至还会关注城市规划、教育,我们团队的成员的专业背景也非常具有多样性。我们会和不同的人、不同的公司开展合作,不断发掘新的合作项目。

The diversityof our team is also reflected in the diversity of our clients. They come from various  fields and backgrounds.Beyond architectural design, we also focus on interior design, product design, visualart, brand building, exhibition planning, etc. and even urban planning andeducation. Our team also share diverse professional backgrounds. We cooperate with different people and different companies ,and we are constantly exploring new projects and develop new ideas.

   Crossboundaries团队

在招聘新员工时我们希望他们明白,要突破常规去思考,经验并不是最重要的,我们看中的是创意的头脑。我们进行项目的时候更多是集思广益,每个人把自己的见解和最好的方案拿出来,综合得出一个最优的方案。在和中国的客户打交道的时候,最大的困难是有一些客户自己也不知道想要什么,我们要帮助他们明确想要的东西,所以我们更多是把重点放在探讨不同的解决方案,然后找到最适宜客户的解决方案。意见的分享交流在我们事务所里是非常重要的。

When recruiting new employees we hope they understand that they have to think out of the box. We value creative minds more than experience. Wecarry out projects in a democratic way of brainstorming: everyone shows their own thoughts and their best plans, which finally merge into an optimizedsolution. When dealing with Chinese clients, the biggest difficulty is that sometimes themselves don't know what they want and we have to help them figure out, so we put more emphasis on discussing different solutions to findout the most suitable one. Sharing ideas and communication is essential.

 

新浪家居:中国非常多元,有非常多的机会,你对在中国的工作有什么样的期待?

Sina: China boasts diversity andopportunity. What's your expectation on working in China?

蓝冰可:建筑不能改变整个世界,但是至少能带来一些积极的影响。我希望我们的项目都是以人为本的,让人们意识到这个空间能够给他们带来不同的作用。我希望能够给使用这个空间的人、给周边的环境带来一些变化,一些积极的影响,哪怕是很小的影响。不管在中国还是在欧洲,这都是我们工作当中一个很重要的使命。我们现在就在户外花园里聊天,我觉得这比在室内采访要好得多,绿树青葱,鸟鸣环绕,令人心旷神怡。我觉得这就是一个微小的例子,体现了环境能对人和行为产生的影响。

Binke: Architecture can't change the world, but atleast it could steer the world for the better. I hope all our projects are people-centered,which make people realize the different functions the space brings to them. I hope to use the space to bring to the visitors and the surroundings some change, some positive influence, even if it's slight. I see it a mission of ouroffices work work no matter in Europe or in China. We are currently chatting in an outdoor garden, which I think is far better than doing this interview indoor. we are surrounded by green trees and singing birds which relaxes andpositively influences our mindset. So this is a very simple example what kind of influence settings can have on people and also behaviours.

 

新浪家居:你怎么看建筑师这个职业的价值?

Sina: How do you see the value of architect?

蓝冰可:建筑师就像律师、医生一样,也是一个职业,建筑师无法改变整个世界,但可以在其中创造出新的世界,改善我们身边的环境。有些建筑师的影响力较大,可以参与城市规划,但或许绝大部分建筑师进行团队合作,参与建筑设计或室内装修。我们无法改变社会运作方式,但我们能通过我们的圈子、我们的作品传达影响。甚至有时,我们的工作看似无足轻重,但我们仍满怀信心,积极创造正面影响,我觉得这是建筑师要坚持的职业责任。最理想的状态是,我们的工作带来的影响能产生一定的涟漪效应,对更多的人、对环境产生持续的积极影响。

Binke:First of all ,the architecture is a profession, similar like the profession of the lawyer or doctor. Architects cannot change the whole world,yet they can create new worlds within the existing one and they can improve the environment which surrounds us. Some architects have bigger influence, takingpart in the urban planning, but probably the majority of architects are workingin teams on planning or refurbishing buildings or they work on creatinginterior spaces. We can't change the way society runs, but we can have impact within our network and around our projects. Sometimes our work might seem unimportant,but still we believe and strive for positive influence, which I think is the professional responsibility that an architect should carry. The ideal scenariois, our works create a ripple effect that constantly radiates positive influence on more people and on surroundings.

 

新浪家居:活跃在业界的女建筑师很少,女性这个身份会给你的工作带来困扰吗?

Sina: There are not many femalearchitects in this field. Dose gender brings you trouble in work?

蓝冰可:在中国工作,人们对我的第一个印象是——这是一个老外,然后才意识到我是一个女性,所以性别要具体问题具体分析。我首先将自己定位为一位专业建筑师,而对建筑师这个职业来说性别不重要。我希望人们不要过多去关性别,而是关注专业能力。我作为一个女建筑师感受到的更多是积极体验,因为我不仅得到客户的尊重,而且在建筑工地上也备受关心。

Binke:In China, your are firstly recognized as a foreigner, then as a female, soactually gender question has to be seen in the context. I define myself as aprofessional architect first of all and I don’t think the gender should beaddressed here. I hope that people can care more about professionalism than about gender. As a female architect, I so far had quite a good experience in China, I always felt the respect not only from my clients, but also on the construction sites.

 

Binke Lenhard 作品


Crossboundaries三里屯办公室


爱慕时尚工厂


北京宝马博物馆


青岛家盒子



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